In the previous example the value of the shell environment variable $PATH gets overwritten with the new value from the dictionary.
If you want to avoid this, meaning the new directory should be attached, you have to change the code like this:
import os
path = os.environ["PATH"] + ":/home/bernd/bin2/"
env = {"PATH":path, "XYZ":"BlaBla"}
os.execlpe("test.sh", "test","abc", env)